The Earth's interior is composed of four layers, three solid and one liquid—not magma but molten metal, nearly as hot as the surface of the sun. The deepest layer is a solid iron ball, about ...

Brown earth soils are widespread in Britain ... The original vegetation was deciduous forest, resulting in a layer of decaying leaves giving a rich humus. The deep roots of these trees reached ...

Made from faux Martian and lunar soil, a new sulfur-based compound could also lead to faster construction on Earth.

The continued survival of all land-based species depends in part on a thin layer of ... all the way from Earth, and supplied to sharecroppers for the conditioning of their soil.